Name: Common Name: St. John's wort, Hypericum Botanical Name: Hypericum perforatum, L
Family: Hypericaceae
Parts Used: Whole fresh plant
in flower
Sources
Native to Europe and Asia, now grown
worldwide. Products containing St. John's wort are made from the
dried flowering tops and upper parts of the plant. They are harvested
from the wilds during July-August, just before or just as flowering
begins.
Chemical Component
napthodiamthrones (hypericin, flavonoids,
and proanthocyanidin polymers), phloroglucinols (hyperforin and
adhyperforin). These molecules are not distributed evenly throughout
the plant, so depending on the source of the raw materials, hypericum
formulations will contain variable amounts of each. Products are
usually standardized for their content of hypericin.
Use Recommendations
St. John's wort is used internally
to treat anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Externally, it is used
for wounds, due to injuries or viral infections.
Laboratory researches of hypericum extract have shown that St.
John's wort prevents the reuptake of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters
refer to serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. Increased levels
of serotonin in certain parts of the brain, resulted from blocking
its reuptake, provides antidepressant effects. For example, ProzacÔ,
a common known antidepressant, do have an action of preventing the
reuptake of serotonin. Well-controlled studies of outpatients with
mild or moderate depression have shown that hypericum extracts are
superior to placebo and about as effective as standard antidepressants
Concerns
Los Angeles Times, in August 1998, placed an analyzed
report on ten different brands of St. John's wort. The reuslt showed
only 3 of the 10 brands tested contained the amount advertised on
the labels. In three cases, the hypericin content was less than
half the amount stated. The findings of the survey only serve to
emphasize the need for consumers to deal with reputable companies
with established names. Animals feed with St. John's wort would
developed phytotoxic reactions, and patients treated with large
dose of this herb also developed severe sunburns.
Precautions
Dry mouth, dizziness, constipation, other
gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue, allergic reaction and even confusion
have been reported, but rarely. In trials, fewer than 2 % of patients
stopped taking the herb because of adverse effects. Fair-complexioned
users should avoid excessive sun exposure and wear a sun block while
taking this herb.
Dosage
300-900 mg per day of a 5:1 extract
of the flowering tops and leaves standardized to contain 0.3% hypericin
in a complex of other compounds. A daily dose of 2 to 4 grams of
crude drug containing 0.2 to 1 mg of total hypericin. Minimal treatment
time is 4-6 weeks.
Summary
St. John's wort is a herb using the
flowers and the plan commonly for depressant. The effective component
is hyerforin and the amount containing in the commercial products
reflects their potency.
Interesting Facts
The 16th century herbalist John Gerard described
this golden yellow flowering herb as a precious remedy for wound.
Because the juice from the crushed flowers is blood red, it was
thought to be a good herb for bleeding wounds. The herb flowers
mostly in the late June, around the time of St. John's Day that
might be why the name it called. The antidepressant properties of
the herb were recognized on Culpeper's Complete Herbal and English
Physician, published in 1862, claimed that a tincture made from
wine and hypericum flowers could ward off melancholy and insanity.
Now, because of the extensive use on mood problems the name of St.
John's wort is merely bind to depression or anxiety.
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